Informatics Publishing Limited

R. K. Tyagi ¹, Chendil Velan Kumarasamy ¹

Affiliations
1 Amity School of Engineering and Technology, Amity University, Noida, IN

Abstract

Productivity has been identified as an important role in any organization, especially for manufacturing sectors to gain more profit that leads to prosperity. This paper reports a work improvement project in a car manufacturing company. It involves problem identification at the closure line and proposing recommendation to improve the current situation more efficiently. Based on the observation and data welding constraints has been identified as a major problem and this is caused by the insufficient movements due to material handlings and unbalanced workload. Method improvement technique is used to determine the best method of carrying out a task in order to eliminate the unnecessary movements. Then, line-balancing technique is used to minimize the idle time at every station or the percentage of line balance loss (LBL). In order to rectify this problem time study and motion study was conducted and the core issue was identified and possible suggestions were given and hence ensured better productivity.

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Priyanka Mayank ¹, R. k. Tyagi ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Zoology, Nehru Gram Bharti University, Kotwa-Jamunipur, Allahabad U.P., IN
2 Department of Zoology, Nehru Gram Bharti University, Kotwa- Jamunipur, Allahabad U.P., IN

Abstract

Random samples of Cirrhinus mrigala were collected from August 2011 to July 2012 in the lower stretch of the Yamuna river at Allahabad. The samples varied from 0 to 10+ age groups. According to the percentage occurrence age group 2+ was dominant, male (41.72%) and female (37.21%) of the population. Male population was dominated in 0 and 1+ age groups which contributed 6.13% and 23.31 per cent, respectively while female population was dominated in 3+ to 10+ age groups. In the stock, female population was greater than male. Male fishes were recorded only 7+ age groups while female fishes recorded 10+ age groups. The present study indicated dominance of female population ofC. mrigala in the Yamuna river.

Keywords

Population Structure, Yamuna River, Age, cirrhinus Mrigala

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M. Saradhi ¹, N. Kumar ¹, R. C. Reddy ², R. K. Tyagi ¹

Affiliations
1 Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi - 110067, IN
2 Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, US

Abstract

Pregnane and Xenobiotic Receptor (PXR) is a member of the nuclear receptor super-family of ligand-regulated transcription factors. Some of its key roles in normal physiological controls and patho-physiological situations are recently becoming more apparent. PXR responds to a large range of chemically distinct endobiotics (steroids, bile acids and their derivatives, vitamins, etc.) and xenobiotics (synthetic drugs, herbal medicines, endocrine disrupters, etc.). As a result of its chemical sensory capabilities and gene modulatory functions in controlling cellular detoxification pathways, PXR has been appropriately termed by some as a 'xenosensor' or 'master regulator'. The present review focuses on two facets of this unique receptor. First, its function in maintaining homeostasis that primarily involves rapid and timely elimination of toxic endogenous metabolites and exogenous chemicals. Second, its involvement in dysregulated metabolic conditions (such as osteomalacia) and certain chronic diseases like cancer. When PXR encounters circumstances that are discordant with normal homeostasis, it orchestrates a response by utilizing and modulating the components of the central detoxification defense machinery, i.e. phase I and phase II drug metabolizing enzymes, as well as drug transporters. The presence of PXR in tissues other than the expected ones (liver and intestine) along with the occurrence of various isoforms (three or more) indicates much more diverse roles for this receptor than previously suspected. The possibility of the presence of various PXR isoforms in different tissues suggests utilization of combinatorial mechanisms to regulate different sets of genes under varied physiological and pathogenic conditions. Further studies are expected to divulge important roles of PXR in drug-drug interactions, development of several metabolic disorders and in designing safer therapeutic molecules.

Keywords

Cancer, Cytochrome P450, Metabolic Disorders, Nuclear Receptor, SXR.

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R. K. Tyagi ¹, Anuradha Agrawal ¹

Affiliations
1 National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Pusa Campus, New Delhi-110 012, IN

Abstract

On 18 April 2013, the Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (CGRFA) of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), endorsed and adopted the revision of the Genebank Standards, last published in 1994. These standards are meant to ensure that plant genetic resources for food and agriculture (PGRFA) are conserved in genebanks under recognized and appropriate conditions, based on current technological and scientific knowledge.

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